Of the Gram-negative bacilli listed below, which is motile with polar tufts of flagella and can produce yellow . 13, no. In vitro laboratory investigations demonstrated that B. gladioli strains were susceptible to complement-mediated lysis of pooled human serum, thus implying that healthy individuals should be immune to infection, suggesting that this species has a low pathogenic potential. Appl. The reaction mix was put through the following temperatures with an initial denaturation for 1min at 94C, 1min at 55C, and 5min at 72C, for 30 cycles. A total of 109 samples (water isolates () and aquaculture isolates () collected from 2012 to 2013 were investigated in this study (Figure 1). were extracted, 16S rDNA was PCR amplified and sequenced with universal 16S rDNA primers. 447454, 2011. 33, no. 4, no. 2005 Apr;35(4):186-91. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2005.03.008. PMC possess a number of mechanisms to assimilate carbohydrates from the environment. J.-H. Lee and J. Lee, Indole as an intercellular signal in microbial communities, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol. Simmons-Citrate-negative. First case of osteomyelitis due to Shewanella alga. Clin Microbiol Infect. In the lab it has shown to grow well on conventional solid media[6]. With multi-drug resistance on the rise and the lack of large-scale systemic studies, we describe a case of bacteremia caused by this rare organism. An official website of the United States government. To investigate the presence of potential virulence factors, we observed the hemolytic activity of S. algae on plates of 5% sheep blood agar (Commercialized Blood Agar Plate, Creative Co., Ltd., Taiwan) after incubation at two different temperatures (25C and 37C) and for two different times (24hrs and 72hrs). 9, no. The flasks were inoculated with bacterial culture and incubated at 30C on a rotator shaker (180rpm) for 48hrs. 18, no. Contact: rl8q@cms.mail.virginia.edu Voges-Proskauer-positive. The genome of MR-1 encodes the following 3 adenylate cyclases (enzymes for cAMP synthesis): CyaA (SO_4312), CyaB (SO_3778), and CyaC (SO_1329). 3, pp. FOIA The mussels were confirmed to be related to Crassostrea angulata, Meretrix lusoria, Perna viridis, Geloina erosa, and Haliotis diversicolor. H. M. Holt, B. Gahrn-Hansen, and B. Bruun, Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrefaciens: clinical and microbiological characteristics, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol. Positive reactions in S. algae strains were seen for H2S (from sodium thiosulfate) and cytochrome oxidase (oxidase test) and gelatinase (gelatin); however, negative results were found for indole production (tryptophan) and carbohydrates utilization, including arabinose, mannose, mannitol, adipic acid, and phenylacetic acid (Table 3). Abstract The main objective of this study was to purify and characterize an esterase from Shewanella sp F88. Reports of infection with S. algae species in human cases are increasing, especially during the summer months and in tropical areas, such as India, China, and Taiwan [1114]. J. Wen, S. Zhou, and J. Chen, Colorimetric detection of Shewanella oneidensis based on immunomagnetic capture and bacterial intrinsic peroxidase activity, Scientific Reports, vol. Therefore, it has. 49, no. The 8 strains were identified as Shewanella algae (S. algae) or Shewanella putrefaciens (S. putrefaciens) by VITEK-32, as S. putrefaciens by API20E system. Comparing the two isolates of the curves based on optical density, the curves of growth rate versus temperature are in direct proportion as drawn in Figure 2. The collective results suggest that both species and serogroup designations are important factors in establishing which isolates can cause human infections when they are acquired from nonclinical sources (foods, animals, and the environment). and transmitted securely. There has been a rising number of disease cases attributed to S. algae in the last decade, thanks to correct classification. In this chapter we will discuss the engineering of cyclic hydroxamate siderophores by various biochemical approaches based on the example of Shewanella algae. K. L. Straub, M. Benz, and B. Schink, Iron metabolism in anoxic environments at near neutral pH, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 146, no. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine In our results, growth of S. algae was observed in a wide range of salinities (Table 3). [5] Gram, L., A. Bundvad, J. Melchioreen, C. Johansen, and B. F. Vogel. Vignier N, Barreau M, Olive C, Baubion E, Thodose R, Hochedez P, Cabi A. Although the role of S. alga as a human pathogen has not been fully determined, accumulating data suggest that this organism may be a potential pathogen, especially in compromised hosts. This could explain the apparent inconsistencies among several experimental observations. Keywords: Shewanella putrefaciens is also well known for its use in biotechnology. 2022 Aug 29;48:101016. doi: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.101016. The PCR products were thereafter cooled at 4C. Shewanella algae is tolerant of bile salts and produces extracellular virulence factors such as siderophores and other exoenzymes. 14, pp. S. algae strains from all isolates exhibited hemolysis on sheep blood agar. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. 1, 2 It belongs to . B. K. Kim, S.-Y. This indicates that infection may be maintained by the same isolate. 28, no. 2017;56(6):729-732. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7616. From MicrobeWiki, the student-edited microbiology resource, Cell Structure, Metabolism and Life Cycle, https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Shewanella_algae&oldid=83144, Pages edited by students of Jay Lennon at Michigan State University. 10361039, 1996. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03126-18. 1997;63:21892199. 49, no. Tryfinopoulou P, Tsakalidou E, Vancanneyt M, Hoste B, Swings J, Nychas GJ. . This probably explains why reports of S. algae infection are more common in warm water areas or tropical regions during the summer than in cold-water environments [8]. Careers. The characteristics of growth in the Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar appeared to have had hydrogen sulfide production but no gas production or positive oxidase. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 2000. 23, pp. 783787, 1998. 65:3896-3900. 22, no. 2014 Jan;48(1):128-36. doi: 10.1177/1060028013517630. It was found that the same isolate of S. algae was the cause of infection in several different patients, and in two of these patients the same clone was isolated many months after diagnosis[12]. Produces acid from mannose. 34, no. 11321143, 2013. J. Cai, H. Chen, K. D. Thompson, and C. Li, Isolation and identification of Shewanella alga and its pathogenic effects on post-larvae of abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta, Journal of Fish Diseases, vol. 57, no. 20782088, 2007. In general, most S. alga strains exhibited hemolysis after prolonged incubation (48 to 72h) and the area of hemolysis was clear. Strains were obtained from the investigation on two food poisoning episodes in September and October, 2007 in Ma'anshan city, Anhui province. Clinical Microbioly and Infection, 2005. . The site is secure. 10, pp. The marine gamma-proteobacterium S. algae produces three different cyclic hydroxamate siderophores as metabolites via a single biosynthetic gene cluster and one of them is an important . The bacterial growth assessment was carried out by measuring the turbidity (OD600nm) using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (Tecan infinite 200, Switzerland). Family: Shewanellaceae Shewanella spp. R. Finkelstein and I. Oren, soft tissue infections caused by marine bacterial pathogens: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, Current Infectious Disease Reports, vol. Tests also showed hydrolysis of gelatin, and decarboxylation of ornithine[6]. Therefore, these salt-tolerant bacteria are potential food-borne pathogens. -. Fang Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Dai H, Cai H, Li Z, Du Z, Wang X, Jing H, Wei Q, Kan B, Wang D. Appl Environ Microbiol. 10, pp. The infections described most commonly involve ears, skin and soft tissue, with or without bacteraemia. The ability of S. oneidensis to reduce oxidized metals or nitrate effectively has been identified as an important intrinsic activity of Shewanella species [5962]. Shewanella putrefaciens play a predominant role in food spoilage processes, mainly correlated with spoilage of frozen fish and meat products. 13, no. The traditional methods of processing seafood often take advantage of the preservative properties of salt, which permit long-term storage. 1, pp. 29, no. 350, no. 4973, pp. FOIA The mechanism of S. putrefaciens biofilm formation is not yet described. Figures Abstract Shewanella oneidensis is a target of extensive research in the fields of bioelectrochemical systems and bioremediation because of its versatile metabolic capabilities, especially with regard to respiration with extracellular electron acceptors. The .gov means its official. Biochemical testing for phenotype was performed using an API20 NE (bioMrieux). eCollection 2014. 102, no. Shu-Ying Tseng wrote the manuscript. The gene encoding a bacterial type 1 RNase H, termed RBD-RNase HI, was cloned from the psychrotrophic bacterium Shewanella sp. Introduction. The cultures were incubated at 30C and all of them grew in the presence of a wide range of NaCl concentrations from 0, 2%, 6%, and 10% (w/v) (Table 3). K. Venkateswaran, D. P. Moser, M. E. Dollhopf et al., Polyphasic taxonomy of the genus Shewanella and description of Shewanella oneidensis sp. An official website of the United States government. KEY BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS Oxidase-negative. In total, 23% (19/84) of isolates from shellfishes and 28% (7/25) of water isolates were identified as Shewanella algae (Tables 1 and 2). . Vogel BF, Jrgensen K, Christensen H, Olsen JE, Gram L. Appl Environ Microbiol. S. algae is frequently found in the marine environment and is widely distributed in nature. Expression and Characterization of a Novel Cold-Adapted and Stable -Agarase Gene agaW1540 from the Deep-Sea Bacterium Shewanella sp . Volume 11: 347-352. 1, pp. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of S. algae in a variety of environments around Taiwan. However, no bacterial growth was found at 10% NaCl. 2005 May;11(5):347-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2005.01108.x. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Shewanella species are distributed ubiquitously in the soil and water, being common in the marine habitat. 1999. Biochemical and biophysical research communications October 24, . S. algae is a facultative anaerobe, and has the ability to use metallic cations as electron acceptors in the electron transport chain if oxygen is not available[11]. from specimens of food poisoning based on biological and biochemical analysis. Copyright 2018 Shu-Ying Tseng et al. The results of this study showed that S. algae was present in approximately one in four samples, including water and shellfish samples. 2, pp. 2021 Nov 15;106(1):60-61. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0614. 97, no. The major characteristics in all S. algae isolates in this study include the ability to exert a strong hemolytic effect: an inability to utilize carbohydrates, although a few isolates were able to use maltose from some water samples. Colonies on marine agar were 2.02.5mm in diameter, circular, convex with entire margins, and smooth after 2 days incubation at 30C. The 16S rDNA sequence data were compared with all currently available sequences of organisms belonging to the genus Shewanella. Second, the lack of discrimination by the API systems for Shewanella bacteria is understandable since the isolates show diverse results in biochemical testing. Kang et al., Primary Shewanella algae bacteremia mimicking Vibrio septicemia, Journal of Korean Medical Science, vol. Shewanellae are well known for their ability to utilize a number of electron acceptors and are therefore considered to have important roles in element cycling in the environment, such as nitrogen cycling through dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) and denitrification. 347352, 2005. 2, pp. Class: Gamma Proteobacteria However, to date, there are few detailed data on S. algae with respect to its biochemical profiles and sources of infection in aquaculture. In light of these questions, we conducted a study to analyze aquaculture and diverse water sources in order to determine the distribution of S. algae. We found high levels of S. algae isolates contained in diverse sources (oysters, abalone, clam, and water samples). The optical density (OD 600) was measured every 3 hours from zero point until 48 hours. S. algae could be tolerant to bile salts and may produce tetrodotoxin [42], exoenzymes, or siderophores [8], which are considered virulence factors. 894901, 2007. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the In certain embodiments, the present systems and methods use Tn7-like transposons that encode CRISPR-Cas systems for programmable, rna-guided DNA integration.For example, the CRISPR-Cas machinery directs the Tn7 transposon-associated proteins to integrate DNA downstream of a target site (e.g., a genomic target site) recognized by a guide rna (gRNA). Figure 1. DNAs of Shewanella spp. Shewanella. S. algae has a G + C content of 52-54%[6]. Our results are also consistent with epidemiologic studies in Denmark [28] and Taiwan [25], which showed the infection rates of S. algae were correlated with temperature fluctuation. Shewanella species are highly advanced among . [12] Vogel, Birte F., et al. Urease-positive. Strains of Shewanella spp. Bookshelf PCR-mediated amplification of the 16S rDNA was performed for confirmation of species identity. All strains were tested for the ability to grow on MB and then placed into four separate incubators at 4C, 25C, 37C, and 42C for culturing (7 days). In many clinical reports of hepatobiliary disease involving S. algae infection, there was a history of raw seafood ingestion [3, 25]. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Shewanella algae and Shewanella putrifaciens: clinical and microbiological characteristics. 6, pp. 1,2 This pathogen has a potential to live in freshwater habitation. It is necessary to improve identification schemes to identify pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of S. algae in the natural environment. Would you like email updates of new search results? Would you like email updates of new search results? Prior study revealed that S. algae grows under the condition of temperature 2634C, pH 59 [40]. Shewanella Shewanella is the sole genus included in the marine bacteria family Shewanellaceae. This kind of biochemical reaction is not simply catalyzed by a single enzyme, but by a complicated electron transport system in vivo. H. Larsen, Halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms-an overview and historical perspective, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 5, pp. Symanzik C, Esser J, Pfennigwerth N, Reuter C, Bronnert J, Grade M. New Microbes New Infect. Curr Microbiol. Burkholderia cepacia. 7, pp. Sun, A. Lv et al., Isolation, identification and characterization of Shewanella algae from reared tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis Gnther, Aquaculture, vol. 141148, 1993. 21892199, 1997. Understanding of both the biochemical and ecological features of . D. J. Richardson, Bacterial respiration: a flexible process for a changing environment, Microbiology, vol. 1, 2014. It is known to cause peritonitis and obstructive pneumonia, rupture of aortic aneurysm, ear infections [1], bacteraemia, rare occurrences of skin and soft tissue infections [8], bone and joint infections, and many others [6]. Electron microscopy of S. algae revealed extensive capsular fringes on the cell surface, which may play a part in the ability of S. algae to adhere to mineral surfaces. 11, no. Bookshelf S. algae is important in the cycling of organic material and the bioremediation of halogenated organic pollutants[1]. In addition, the results of indole production were all negative for S. algae isolates. It has been proposed that Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 uses the formaldehyde produced from pyruvate during growth under anaerobic or oxygen-limited conditions [53]. Simulation with the estimated parameters indicates that the model captures the experimental data quite well. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 2, pp. B. F. Vogel, K. Jrgensen, H. Christensen, J. E. Olsen, and L. Gram, Differentiation of Shewanella putrefaciens and Shewanella alga on the basis of whole-cell protein profiles, ribotyping, phenotypic characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. In Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, electrons generated in the cytoplasm by catabolic processes must cross the periplasmic space to reach terminal oxidoreductases found at the cell surface. M. Hu, C. Zhang, Y. Mu, Q. Shen, and Y. Feng, Indole Affects biofilm formation in bacteria, Indian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 65, no. (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of pNPA-hydrolyzing reaction were 12.6 mM and 550 U.mg-1 . However, moderately salt-tolerant bacteria can resist or reduce the damaging effects of salt concentrations of up to 5-20% salinity [49]. One hundred and fifty-nine Gram-negative strains isolated from refrigerated fish, taken from the Baltic Sea or Swedish inland waters, together with 32 reference strains of Shewanella, Pseudomonas, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. N. Wagner, L. Otto, M. Podda, Y. Schmitt, and D. Tappe, Travel-related chronic hemorrhagic leg ulcer infection by Shewanella algae, Journal of Travel Medicine, vol. 3, pp. This is a particular concern in some Asian regions in which there is a high demand for a wide variety of raw seafood. 50, no. Acetone-h 6 or -d 6 + OH Reaction Products: Evidence for Heterogeneous Formation of Acetic Acid in a Simulation Chamber. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. PLoS One. H. Nozue, T. Hayashi, Y. Hashimoto et al., Isolation and characterization of Shewanella alga from human clinical specimens and emendation of the description of S. alga Simidu et al., 1990, 335, International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 8600 Rockville Pike Bacterial pathogens and water, International Journal of Environmental Research, vol. . The aquaculture samples were placed in sterile plastic bags, and water samples were collected in transportation tubes. eCollection 2022. Most Shewanella alga organisms (Gilardi biovar 2; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] biotype 2) originated from clinical material (92%), failed to produce acid from carbohydrates other than D-ribose, and were biochemically and enzymatically fairly homogeneous. Phenotypic characteristic assays included growth conditions (temperature and salinity tolerance). Phylogenetic tree was constructed with MEGA 4.0. 13, pp. It can be isolated from a wide range of environments, including fresh water, estuary, and the deep sea [4]. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096001. In general, S. algae can be considered an opportunistic pathogen in humans exposed to a marine environment when it infects people via an existing soft tissue ulcer [1522]. The genome sequence of Shewanella oneidensis reveals a breathtakingly versatile respiratory electron transport chain system. C. Chang, H. Chaoqun, C. Xiaoyan, and Z. Luping, Identification and characterization of Shewanella algae as a novel pathogen of ulcer disease of fish Scinenops ocellata, Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, vol. The moles percent G+C of the type. 1, pp. K. A. Weber, L. A. Achenbach, and J. D. Coates, Microorganisms pumping iron: anaerobic microbial iron oxidation and reduction, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol. 2007 Sep;103(3):711-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03355.x. Shewanella putrefaciens has been described as a new aetiological agent of the disease, named shewanellosis, and could also be associated with different infections in humans, such as skin and tissue infections, bacteraemia, otitis. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine In addition, sea water was the predominant source of contamination and some cases were without disease symptoms. [Opportunistic infections caused by Shewanella, new emergent bacteria]. 37, 1986. B. Mansuetus, and A. T. Tiruneh, Germicidal action of some metals/metal ions in combating E. coli bacteria in relation to their electro-chemical properties, Journal of Water Resource and Protection, vol. [Opportunistic infections caused by Shewanella, new emergent bacteria]. J. M. Janda, Shewanella: a marine pathogen as an emerging cause of human disease, Clinical Microbiology Newsletter, vol. 264268, 2014. A fragment of the 16S rDNA gene was PCR-amplified from each genomic preparation using forward primer 27F: 5-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3 and 1492R: 5-TACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3. Shewanella algae: a rare cause of necrotizing fasciitis. [6] Wang W, Wang J, Yan R, et al. First, continuous multisite surveillance is needed to demonstrate seasonal variation and long-term effect of global warming on S. algae population. are unusual cause of disease in humans; however, reports of Shewanella infections have been increasing. Volume 25:225-229. Recent studies showing that non-indole-producing bacteria generate various oxygenases which may degrade indole or interfere with indole signaling [56, 57]. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of regulating the intrinsic activity of S. algae. Estelle Turpin, Alexandre Tomas, Christa Fittschen, Pascal Devolder, and ; Jean-Claude Galloo; Environmental Science & Technology 2006, . -. [10] Korenevsky, A., and Beveridge, T.J. Shewanella algae, which is the most common human clinical isolate, was believed to be a strain of Shewanella putrefaciens by some authors, and was later grouped as a separate and distinct entity. 6, pp. 3744, 2004. A) Arrow indicates affected area. Cho, B. Kang et al., A case of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with bacteremia caused by Shewanella algae, Infection & Chemotherapy, vol. H 2 S-negative. W. Jiang, B. Xia, and Z. Liu, A serine hydroxymethyltransferase from marine bacterium Shewanella algae: isolation, purification, characterization and l-serine production, Microbiological Research, vol. Antigenic Structure of Salmonellae: Abstract and Figures In recent years, Shewanella putrefaciens, commonly known as a halophilic bacteria, has been associated with serious health disorders in freshwater fish. are ubiquitous in natural environments, occurring mainly in marine environments, iced fish, proteinaceous foods, and occasionally clinical samples. It appears to be more virulent in comparison with other Shewanella species [810]. Volume 53(1): 186-192. Shewanella algae has been identified as a new bacterial species, Shewanella spp., from clinical samples [2]. 87, no. J Lab Physicians. [2] H. M. Holt, P. Sgaard, and B. Gahrn-Hansen, Ear infections with Shewanella alga: a bacteriologic, clinical and epidemiologic study of 67 cases, Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol. Furthermore, the seasonal growth and infection rate of S. algae peak during the summer. Orange-yellow or pink colonies on marine agar (BD) were identified as Gram-negative by Gram staining. 2010 Jul;2(2):61-5. doi: 10.4103/0974-2727.72150. Isolation of Shewanella algae from rectal swabs of patients with bloody diarrhoea. Nutritional factor found in milk, eggs, malted barley, liver, kidney, heart, and leafy vegetables. The experiments were conducted in triplicate and the average values were recorded. In a defined medium, the effect of C02 and acetate on reactions (2) and (3) were investigated separately. 4, pp. The data provide further support of the capacity of survival of S. algae under ocean acidification caused by global warming. 168, no. Volume 153:1872-1883. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Guo F, Liang Q, Zhang M, Chen W, Chen H, Yun Y, Zhong Q, Chen W. Molecules. The results showed that S. algae is endemic in Asia. Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 serves as a model organism to consider the biochemical basis of this flexibility. 443448, 2000. 2, pp. | Explore the latest full-text research PDFs . The species is also of interest because of its potential to treat radioactive waste in groundwater. 2, no. The biochemical profiles showed that all of the strains were unable to utilize some carbohydrates, but produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S). It was identified as Shewanella putrefaciens by the automatic identification systems using Vitek II (bioMerieux, Marcy-L'Etoile, France) and API 20NE (bioMerieux) with a probability of identification of 99.9%. 64, no. 437-438, 2010. strains were isolated from 8 samples with single colony on both TCBS and BP media. Environ. 1, no. Shewanella is a saprophytic gram negative bacillus which is naturally associated with marine and aquatic habitat. 2011;29:422425. We also examined the biochemical and physiological changes in dinoflagellates exposed to the algicide. Z. Han, J. All samples were transported in refrigerated containers immediately after being collected. 329333, 1997. Previous biochemical characterization studies have suggested that while some Shewanella species are able to metabolize different sugars for growth, they might be limited to biosynthetic purposes such as cell wall synthesis or as a storage molecule, rather than as a carbon source [51, 52].
How To Add Namespace In Soap Envelope In Java, Standard Deviation Graph Explained, Map Charts Not Available In Excel 2016, Convert Serverless Yaml To Cloudformation, Roma Street To Cleveland Train Timetable, Ng-selected Not Working With Ng-repeat, Chapman Blueberry Farm, Who Invented Fried Calamari, Matlab Moving Correlation, Boston University Commencement 2022 Live Stream,